Memory

Memory refers to the process of storage or maintenance of information over time. Almost every human activity always involves aspects of memory.
Therefore, the memory becomes something that is important in human cognitive processes
Memory includes the following capabilities:
Psychic ability to enter (learning / encoding), storing (retention / storage), and raises again (remembering / retrieval) things past.

Memory models:
1.Short Term Memory (STM)-Long Term Memory (LTM)
• Memory Semantics
• Episodic Memory

2.Declarative-Procedural Memory Memory
• Implicit Memory
• Explicit Memory

Model STM and LTM:
 
Rehearsal function:
1. Maintain or preserve relevant information from short-term memory
2. Moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory

Episodic Memory Model and Semantics:
The model proposed by Endel Tulving, who distinguishes between episodic memory and semantic memory.
Episodic memory stores information about events and relationships of each incident. Memory is related to things that are temporary and event changes.

Examples of episodic memory:
This morning I left for college when heavy rains. I have to go to college because today the last meeting. Road accidents due to slippery roads.
Example sentence is the personal experiences, and each experience can be remembered in relation to one another's experiences.

Semantic memory:
Semantic memory is organized knowledge about all things that exist in life.
Semantic memory contains knowledge structure that is more constant or almost no change at any time.
Example: I know that salt taste salty. I know the meaning of the constraint is a bottleneck.

Short-term memory (STM):
Regarded as the center of human consciousness. Allegedly contained in the STM thoughts, information, experiences in people's minds at all times.
Short-term memory function:
1. Temporary storage: select the data to be maintained in storage for a moment.
2. Thorough setting: continue to experience long-term memory to more permanent storage and release of data from a variety of system memory.

Storage of STM:
From various studies have shown that the capacity to remember someone as much as 7 chunk / group.
According to George Miller, in humans the ability to remember the human figure to 7, The magical number seven plus or minus 2, so the ability to remember between 5 and most memorable 9.Yang 2 to 5 chunk.
Serial position effect:
Aitem / objects that are in a position or sequence of the beginning and the end will likely be remembered better than located in the middle.
Effect of information located at the beginning called Primacy effects.
Effect of information located at the end called the recency effects.
This happens because the information at the beginning and end, because it will first enter the short-term memory, thus allowing repetition done in the mind and proceed to the LTM.
LTM:
Information storage is a process that is more permanent.
Some factors affecting the long-term memory is a skill, a special coding, emotional or affective.
Expertise in a field providing a very large influence on a person's memory. People will be easy to remember if he was in the same situation when the process of the previous code.
The influence of emotion on LTM:

Given human activity is influenced by:

1. In recalling the words, people will tend to remember unpleasant words than sad. (Pollyanna PRINCIPLES: units of information that is emotionally pleasing is usually processed more efficiently and accurately than information pitiful).
2. The similarity of mood, that memory would be better if it is learned the same mood that took place at the time.
3. Dependence mood. This occurs when a person remember information better in the present situation with the situation the first time the material / information they will be accepted.

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